Since June 27, 2024, the new Citizenship Law has introduced a number of facilitations for foreigners seeking German citizenship. Those interested now need only meet a minimum residency requirement of 5 or, in some cases, 3 years and are no longer required to renounce their previous nationality. However, there are still several hurdles to overcome along the path to becoming a German citizen, and Kanzlei Cetin is here to support you throughout the process.
1. Patience is Essential for Naturalization
Obtaining German citizenship demands both patience and a fully completed application. Although the new Citizenship Act brings some improvements, resource constraints within public authorities still lead to delays—waiting times of up to several years are unfortunately common. Working with Kanzlei Cetin can potentially reduce this wait time to approximately 6 to 12 months.
If you have already submitted your application and are experiencing prolonged delays, we are available to assist. Initially, we aim to expedite the process through informal resolution; if this approach is ineffective, we can pursue legal action to compel the responsible authority to respond.
2. Attention to Financial Self-Sufficiency
A critical factor in naturalization is demonstrating the ability to independently support oneself and one's family. A positive decision is more likely if no public assistance is being received. While the law requires only a positive outlook on self-sufficiency, a permanent employment contract is ideal. Unemployed applicants must also show that they will soon be able to support themselves. Since financial stability is only evaluated at the time of application review, it is advisable to seek guidance from Kanzlei Cetin early in the process.
3. Be Prepared for Application Fees
Naturalization involves certain fees, including:
€255 for each adult applicant;
€51 for each minor child included in the application;
€255 for each minor applying independently.
Additional costs may include language certification, the naturalization test, and proof of identity.
Tip: If you are naturalizing multiple children or have a low income, consider discussing a payment plan or fee reduction with the authorities.
4. What If You Don’t Have a Valid National Passport?
Generally, a valid passport is required for a successful application. In some countries, such as Afghanistan, new national passports are no longer issued. In such cases, an officially certified and translated document indicating your date and place of birth will typically suffice.
5. Relocating During the Application Process
If you submitted your naturalization application in Brandenburg but need to relocate to Berlin during the process, this may be problematic, as it changes the jurisdiction. Requirements can vary significantly between authorities, as each may independently determine which documents they need. This can complicate the naturalization process; however, we are here to assist and guide you to overcome such challenges on the path to German citizenship.
6. Verify Your Residency Period
The Citizenship Act (Section 10) states that “a foreigner who has had their habitual residence in Germany for five years is eligible for naturalization upon application.” This requires a continuous legal residence in Germany. Periods of recognized asylum status or student visa residency are counted toward this, though there may be restrictions when applying for a permanent settlement permit. Short trips abroad do not affect this requirement for naturalization or a settlement permit.
Tip: Accurately calculating your residency period is essential and should be carefully verified by the applicant.
7. Language Proficiency Requirements
The Citizenship Act mandates language skills at the B1 level for naturalization. Applicants with C1 or higher may even qualify for early naturalization after three years. These language skills can be demonstrated through a German school or university degree or an integration course certificate.
For guest workers ("Gastarbeiter") who entered the Federal Republic of Germany before June 30, 1974, or the German Democratic Republic before June 13, 1990, requirements are more lenient. They need only to demonstrate an ability to communicate in everyday German, which must also be documented. In cases where integration needs are minimal, or regular use of German is evident, language testing may be waived.
8. Criminal Convictions and Naturalization
Applicants for German citizenship ideally should have no serious criminal record; however, not all legal infractions automatically disqualify an applicant. Under Section 12a, certain convictions are disregarded:
Suspended sentences of up to three months that are pardoned after probation;
Fines up to 90 daily rates;
Educational or disciplinary measures under the Juvenile Court Act.
For minor offenses that slightly exceed these thresholds, authorities may use discretion. However, administrative courts are generally reluctant to approve naturalization for sentences above 120 daily rates.
Tip: When evaluating applications, authorities may also consider convictions not listed in the criminal record.
9. Passing the Naturalization Test – and When It’s Not Required
Passing the naturalization test is typically a requirement, as it assesses foundational knowledge of German law, culture, and history. The test consists of 33 multiple-choice questions, and at least 17 correct answers are required to pass. Topics include democratic structures, fundamental rights, and regional specifics of each federal state.
Exemptions: The naturalization test can be waived if the applicant has a German school or university degree or has completed studies in Germany. Certain hardship cases may also qualify for exemptions, subject to individual review.
Tip: The Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) provides study materials and sample tests for applicants.
Naturalization can be a complex process with many requirements and formalities. Kanzlei Cetin is ready to review your unique situation and offer comprehensive guidance to support you on your journey to German citizenship—helping you navigate each step confidently and successfully.